LC Buddy - Part 2

Data Analysis

Thematic analysis techniques were used to analyze the transcripts from the focus group. The analysis mainly followed an inductive coding approach. During the first stage of analysis, the transcripts were read independently and any repeating ideas or patterns of ideas were identified as themes. The themes were labeled to construct initial codes. We obtained a total of 43 codes (e.g., feeding time and duration, instructions vary with mother’s experience, video database). 

During the second stage multiple iterations were conducted, where the codes were translated into themes and subthemes that were categorized and organized into a codebook. The codebook consisted of eight major themes (e.g., important aspects for an effective remote evaluation, drawbacks of remote consultations). Each code’s frequency is computed and informs how many participants mentioned it within its category. Here is the codebook:

Key Findings

1. Characteristics of the media shared by the patient: 

When evaluating the example videos in the focus group, LCs commented on the angle at which the video is filmed, the field of view, the length of the video, and if it is possible to view the initial latching. When the LC can view the baby’s profile (nose, mouth, and chin) and the bodies of both mother and baby in a video or photo, they can give clues about positioning and how to proceed to change it. 

2. Preferred features from the technology probe:

The most cited features by the participants were the 'adding text instructions or comments' and 'audio instructions through voice-over.' Participants mentioned adding text in the media as a way to provide step-by-step instructions, and for most cases, they showed interest in using text before any feedback is given, in their own communication channel with the patient to ask questions and to make sure the LC knows all the details before proceeding to formal feedback to the mother. 

3. Mixed feelings about using some features in remote care:

The participants noted that using technology elements could benefit their patients' understanding and learning and be a more interactive form of feedback. Most of the participants felt comfortable using technologies and saw it as an item that could benefit their work as LCs, which had them seeing the features as time-saving in case the increased interactivity brings easier understanding on the mother’s side, and helps them respond to inquiries quicker with some specific features. On the other hand, some participants who are less familiar with using specific applications and features found the technology provocation too complex to manipulate and had an idea that, due to this complexity, it might take them extra time to give feedback using the features presented since it will require learning how to use it and practice with real examples. 

Main Takeaways

1. Remote Consultations as Complementary Modalities:

Remote lactation consultations are viewed as complementary to in-person visits, serving as a follow-up for questions and solutions in the postpartum period. This dual approach recognizes the varied needs of mothers and specific cases that may require in-person evaluation.

2. Potential for Technological Integration in Lactation Care:

The study suggests opportunities for future research in lactation care, emphasizing the potential use of semi-automated systems, AI, computer vision, and chatbots. These technologies could address specific cases online, such as assisting with the mother's return to work, verifying baby latching, managing milk production, and storage.

3. Remote Care as a Beneficial Supplement, Not a Replacement:

The primary takeaway underscores that remote lactation services should provide a secure environment for mothers seeking guidance, reassurance, and confidence. It emphasizes that remote care is a beneficial addition to in-person care, extending beyond the early postpartum weeks and even beginning with prenatal care. The study emphasizes the importance of viewing remote care as an enhancement rather than a complete replacement for traditional in-person lactation support.

4. Educational Needs and Time-Saving Tools for Healthcare Professionals:

The study highlights the necessity of educating the community about the routines of lactation consultants, particularly in Brazil, where many professionals are both certified LCs and nurses with demanding schedules. The study recommends introducing easy-to-use, time-saving tools to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. This approach not only alleviates the workload for healthcare professionals but also allows for a broader understanding of lactation concepts, enabling them to serve more clients and reach a wider community. The findings also suggest creating guidelines for effective remote lactation consultations, including recommendations for video recording distances and angles to facilitate accurate analysis of latching and positioning.